Coca Cola – Organization Management

Abstract This paper is about â€Å"Coca-Cola† company which produces and manufactures soft drinks, and this product is well known all around the world for many decades. The materials used to get the information about the company are from the internet, newspaper and the bottle itself. The paper will speak about how the product came to the final result as an output and what does it take to manufacture it. INTRODUCTION Coca-Cola is the most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history, as well as the best-known product in the world.It is sold in more and more markets, creating thousands of new jobs in the local economies. The brand is owned by The Coca-Cola Company which works with franchisees across the world. These franchisees perform the bottling and canning operations and are also known as packagers. This paper will discuss the following: * What are the stages of manufacturing? * How does the company guarantee the quality of the products to reach customers satisfaction? * What are the steps after guaranteeing the product so that the product to be introduced to the markets? * Conclusion * Important keywords – Stages of manufacturing -Transforming resources Coca-Cola’s bottlers and canners are concerned with a range of processes involved in transforming resources into the bottles and cans of drink that we are familiar with. There is a difference between transforming resources and transformed resources: * The transforming resources are the managers, employees, machinery and equipment used by The Coca-Cola Company and its franchisees. * The transformed resources are the materials (the cans, bottles, liquids, etc. ) and the information which are processed to create the finished product. Manufacturing Coca-Cola Primarily, Coca-Cola is manufactured by franchisees who are the world’s leading bottling and canning companies. This franchise business is strictly controlled by The Coca-Cola Company. Soft drinks manufacture is a competitive business. Manufacturing techniques are continually improved. This helps meet the highest quality standards for its products using the most cost effective production techniques. For example, very small changes in the shape of the can could save a canning factory millions of dollars in production costs. The production of Coca-Cola involves two major operations: Creating the packaging material * Bottling and canning the finished drink. -Packaging For many years, Coca-Cola was produced in glass bottles. Because of the high cost of distributing bulky bottles, they had to be manufactured close to where the bottling took place. Today, this is no longer so important since new packaging methods have revolutionized the process. Advanced bottling and canning technology makes Coca-Cola cans and bottles very light but extremely strong. The Company has invested a lot of time and money in research and development to ensure the most effective life cycle impact of its packaging.By using the minimum quantities of materials in packaging, the cans and plastic bottles are simple to crush or to reprocess at the end of the initial life cycle. -Preparing to fill cans Cans are delivered in bulk to a canning plant. At this stage the cans are shaped like an open cup ready to receive the liquid drink. They are not fully formed because the ring pull end has still to be fitted. After they have been inspected to check that there are no faults, each can goes through a rinsing machine to make sure it is clean and ready for filling. Preparing the drink Coca-Cola consists of a concentrated beverage base and a liquid sweetener which are combined to form the syrup from which the drink is made. The Company ships the concentrate to bottling and canning plants where the franchisees mix it with sugar and local water. The water is passed through a number of filters to make sure it is absolutely pure. Carbon dioxide, which makes it fizzy, is also delivered to the canning plant where it is stored and th en piped into the manufacturing process through a carbonator and cooler.The Company specifies what equipment franchisees will use to carry out these processes. Samples are taken regularly for chemical analysis, and staff makes frequent spot checks to ensure that plants are maintaining the Company’s standards of cleanliness and quality. The Company provides its franchisees with the most up-to-date technology available and many of them use the latest computer technology and statistical process control methods. -Filling the cans The packaging and the finished drink are combined by a rapid filling process.Every minute hundreds of cans pass along an automated production line and are filled with a precise amount of Coca-Cola. As the cans move along the production line, they are seamed to include the ring pull end and produce the finished can. The ends are inspected to make sure they are smooth and do not have any gaps or leaks. An individual code is stamped on the cans so that each one can be traced back to the point and time of production. A date code ensures product freshness. Cans now look like those you will see in the shops. – Guaranteeing the quality of the product The manufacture of Coca-Cola is carried out by a set of processes called continuous flow production. On a production line, a process is continually repeated and identical products go through the same sequence of operations. Continuous flow production takes this one step further by using computer-controlled automatic equipment to produce goods 24 hours a day. The Company and its franchisees use Total Quality Management procedures that encourage everyone in the plant to think about quality in every-thing they do.Every employee sets out to satisfy customers and places them at the heart of the production process. By continually seeking to improve every aspect of production, employees are able to eliminate problems. Throughout the production process, quality control personnel monitor the pr oduct and take test samples. Guarantee that there are no errors; quality control inspectors take statistically selected samples at the end of the production line. Using chemical analysis, these inspectors can guarantee that the product meets the exact specifications; they also check that there are no faults in the packaging.A ‘fill height detector’ uses an electronic eye to ensure that the cans are filled to the right quantity. Cans that are not properly filled are rejected. 3- Introducing the product to the markets Packing the end product into cases The canners then prepare the cans for distribution to retailers such as super-markets, shops and garages. A machine called a case former creates the casing that protects the cans as they are sorted onto pallets. The cans are stored temporarily in a warehouse before they are collected by large distribution trucks. Bottling Coca-ColaSo far this case study has focused on the canning process for Coca-Cola. The bottling process, whether in glass or PET (plastic), is very similar. Each plastic bottle starts as test-tube size is blown up like a balloon into the final bottle shape. Whereas franchisees receive cans that already have the logo and any promotional details on them, bottlers apply the labels from large reels once the bottles have been formed. At the end of the bottling line, bottles are automatically sealed with a cap immediately after they have been filled. Just-in-time Canners and bottlers process vast quantities of materials each week.Receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products involves a complex sequence of actions. The ideal solution is to make sure that the inputs for the process arrive ‘just-in-time’ so they can be transformed into a finished product ready for transportation ‘just-in-time’ to meet the needs of the retailers. At modern canning plants, the cans maker is often located in an adjoining facility, with delivery through a ‘Hole in the wall’ operation. The packagers are involved created supply chain networks with the supermarket chains and other outlets ensure that this process runs smoothly.Canners and bottlers must ensure that they do not build up large stockpiles of cans waiting to be sold but they must also make sure that deliveries are not late. This is where they benefit from advanced information technology that rapidly relays figures about the demand for Coca-Cola. For example, this demand usually rises in periods of hotter weather so the packagers need to plan increased production. Canners and bottlers work closely with The Coca-Cola Company and other suppliers to provide a smooth running supply chain so that consumers are always within ‘an arm’s reach of desire’ and can always buy a drink when they want one.Performance feedback to canners and bottlers In addition to each canner or bottler’s own quality assurance procedures, sample bottles and cans from each market ar e tested regularly by The Coca-Cola Company. The results are then reported back to the packagers. This feedback helps The Coca-Cola Company and the franchisee to work together and identify opportunities for improvement. Franchisees undergo constant training and retraining in quality assurance, and can always ask for help and advice about ongoing improvement. 4- ConclusionTo produce the world’s best known product, The Coca-Cola Company has to employ the highest quality processes and establish standards which guarantee the production of a standardized product which meets consumers’ high expectations each and every time they drink a bottle or can of Coca-Cola. In order to guarantee these standards the Company has had to develop a close relationship with its franchisees based on a mutual concern for quality. Total Quality management lies at the heart of this process involving a continuous emphasis on getting quality standards right every time and on continually seeking new ways to improve performance. – Keywords Continuous flow production: An ongoing twenty-four hour production cycle in which partly finished and finished products pass along a production line. Cost effective: It’s an approach that minimizes or significantly reduces the cost of operations. Franchisee: An individual (Or organization) that is licensed to produce and/or sell a named product in a given area, in return for a fee, a share of the profits or sales. Global brand: A product that is recognizable across the world by its logo, packaging or distinctive trade mark. Inputs:They are Materials and labor that go into a production process. Just-in-time: Supplies for manufacturing processes are received just as they are needed, and the end product reaches the consumer just when it is wanted. ‘Just-in-time’ reduces the need to carry large stocks of materials or finished goods helping cash flow. Life cycle impact: Examining the impact of a product from the point at which the raw materials start to be produced and assembled, through the manufacturing process, right up to the time at which the consumer finally disposes of the packaging of the product. Operations:The processes involved in the production of a product, such as filling a can, checking that the can is sufficiently filled, etc. Outputs: Goods and services that are produced once raw materials have gone through a transformation process. Performance feedback: It’s about providing information on the success of performances so that improvements can be made. For example, if a weakness is spotted in quality standards, then it would be necessary to inform the packager so that these could be rectified immediately. Statistical process control: The use of mathematical and statistical control processes in the manufacture of products e. . by measuring quantities of fluid used in given processes, measuring quantities of materials used, etc. to ensure that inputs and outputs always meet spec ified quantitative standards. Supply chain: It is the chain of processes that links a manufacturer through a distributor to a customer. Total Quality Management: It is an approach that ensures quality at every stage of production, rather than just at the end of the production cycle. Transformed resources: They are resources, such as raw materials and information that are modified in the process of production by the transforming resources.Transforming resources: They are resources that are used to transform other inputs. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/transforming-resources. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 2 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/manufacturing-coca-cola. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 3 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great -britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/packaging. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 4 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. k/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/filling-the-cans. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 5 ]. http://asq. org/blog/2011/11/coca-colas-quality-culture/ [ 6 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/supply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 7 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/supply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 8 ]. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/coca-cola-just-in-time-case-study-page1. html [ 9 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/performance-feedback-to-canners-and-bottlers. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6

Literary Frenemies

What is a friend? For most people, the answer to this question will be something along the following lines: it is a person who is ready to reassure you when you feel down, who supports you in all your undertakings, always has a kind word for you, provides a shoulder to cry on, helps you in an hour of need and so on. Lars Iyer, a philosophy lecturer at the University of Newcastle and an author of two novels, thinks differently, citing Friedrich Nietzsche: â€Å"In your friend you should possess your best enemy†. Compare this idea with social network hive minds whose members feel obliged to express admiration about every word each of their innumerable â€Å"friends† say, expecting them to pay back in kind. Probably in the past it was a more usual phenomenon; modern world, however, calls for a different word to distinguish it from what we are more and more used to associate with the concept of friendship. And, as usual, English language obliged, forming a new term: â€Å"frenemy†. Frenemies are very close, but their closeness is of unusual kind. They annoy, berate, insult and enrage each other. They would have been enemies, but they like each other too much to stay apart. And, according to literature, this relationship is as interesting to read about as it is interesting to experience. Sometimes this frenmity appears when fate clashes together two people from completely different social, educational or ideological backgrounds. Such is the relationship between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza from the famous novel by Cervantes. Don Quixote is an anachronistic, idealistic and, frankly speaking, stark raving mad nobleman, while his frenemy Sancho Panza is a an uneducated and ignorant yet extremely shrewd and realistic peasant who sees the world for what it is but has to follow his extravagant master. Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson come to mind as well. Holmes never shies from showing off his mental superiority or making an ironic remark concerning Watson’s writing describing their adventures, Watson constantly complains about his friend’s eccentric habits like shooting indoors and keeping a chemical laboratory at home, but it is just a backdrop for their friendship. Sometimes frenmity comes, vice versa, as a result of both characters being too alike: Trurl and Klapaucius from Stanislaw Lem’s Cyberiad are two nigh-omnipotent Constructors who constantly try to surpass each other, are always the first to make a snarky remark about one another’s failure but also the first to come to help when one of them really gets into trouble. All in all, writers, irrespectively of whether they experienced this in life or not, seem to understand that frenmity is fascinating to explore. And it is quite natural: it provides a dynamic relationship, it allows bringing together people who are completely unlike each other; it is, after all, simply much more interesting than friends who feel obliged to agree with everything you say lest they insult or discourage you. It is, in a word, unusual – unusual enough to become a rarity in modern world.

Self Reflection Essay Outline - What Is It?

Self Reflection Essay Outline - What Is It? Throughout your reflection, you should earn a case for the way the experience has stimulated your private growth. For instance, you may speak about the way in which the wisdom and experiences you gained will be helpful in future classes, jobs, relationships and other facets of your life. You just have to share an experience. A number of the positive experiences in my personal life were graduating from college, being promoted on the job and for the very first time in my life buying a house. It is an impossible task to receive it done if I don't use all my discipline to continue to keep my ass in one location for a number of hours and just continue writing without distractions. She was among those who are work oriented. Writing is now part of my routine which I am looking forward to. When we don't learn we cannot get the job done effectively, thinking about our skill and the way to improve it, is what's termed as self-reflection. Keep the principal theme you stated in your introduction in mind while you write. Everyone goes through stages where they just have zero idea what they wish to be when they grow up, fortunately, due to the StrengthsQuest activity, it is a bit easier for me to find I was born to teach. Her idea proved to be a financial literacy eLearning platform named MeVest. The thought of naming someone is an intriguing notion. It's possible to browse the web looking for a self-reflective essay sample. To structure an essay, you must simply comply with the aforementioned format. The simplest approach to specify the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. If you were faced with writing a reflective essay for the very first time, it would be of wonderful use to become familiar with the characteristics of this sort of paper so you would know what things to include in it. You want to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily discover how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. On the flip side, writing in English isn't a something that you can develop as an avocation. On the finished part, you may also compare the documentary with others in the exact same genre or subject in order to create readers have more thorough understanding of the review. Set the maximum priority to your tutors requirements and remember a reflective writing example essay from this website is just one approach in academic writing. A Secret Weapon for Self Reflection Essay Outline I'm also fairly confident I'm a terrible listener and generally won't adhere to the Universe's direction unless there aren't any other choices. She realizes that she's the embodiment of love. With teachings like the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, folks can start to find out what truly matters in their very own daily lives. This rational wasn't unfou nded. The effect of this surrealism is extremely potent and deep. Therefore, it's always recommended that you watch the documentary more often than once as a way to properly digest it and know what it is about. The revised draft was far much superior than the initial draft, with a great stream of ideas. How to compose a reflection paper.

Payday Loans A Cash Advance - 3714 Words

Payday loans, which are also sometimes called a cash advance, is a short term loan that is due on your next payday. They generally have three features; they tend to be for smaller amounts, are due on your next payday, and require you to give the lender access to your checking account or to write a check for the amount due in advance that the lender has the option of depositing when the loan comes due. Payday loans are intended to be an option to people who are faced with meeting immediate deadlines as far as personal expenses. A majority of payday lenders charge a fee, sometimes called the finance charge, â€Å"which may range from $10 to $30 for every $100 borrowed. A typical two-week payday loan with a $15 per $100 fee equates to an annual percentage rate (APR) of almost 400%. By comparison, APRs on credit cards can range from about 12 percent to 30 percent† (What is a Payday Loan). Although, as of now, payday lending is subject to state regulation. Pew s Safe Small-Dollar L oans Research Project classified states into three categories—Permissive, Hybrid, and Restrictive—based on their payday loan regulations. Pew defines permissive states, in which there are 27, as â€Å"Allowing single repayment loans with APRs of 391 or higher.† They define hybrid states, in which there are 9, as â€Å"Having payday loan storefronts but maintain more exacting requirements, such as lower limits on fees or loan usage, or longer repayment periods.† And they define permissive states, in which there areShow MoreRelatedPayday Loans Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesYou need a cash advance immediately, but are too shy to ask relatives or friends, and are scared of the paperwork involved in a bank loan. Shed all your worries, for help is a mouse click away in the form of payday loans. Payday loans are one of the most convenient ways of getting a cash advance today with practically no paperwork or other hassles. Defining Payday loans Payday loans are a short-term cash advance, when it is needed the most...usually between paydays! Payday loans are a great wayRead MorePayday Loans Are Incredibly Useful For When Payday768 Words   |  4 PagesOnline payday loans are incredibly useful for when payday is still far away, but you need cash immediately. However, most people don t know what payday loans are or if they re the right financial option for their needs. Read on to learn about online payday loans and how to determine if they re right for you. What exactly is a payday loan? Also known as a short term loan, cash advance, fast cash, cash loan, bad credit loan or deferred deposit, a payday loan is an unsecured loan, usually for aRead MoreEssay On Cash Loans702 Words   |  3 Pagesreading this article, you should know enough about cash loans to make the right decision about them, and also be able to explain them to others Advances with payday loans help you get through to your next payday. These loans always come with strict fees attached. When you fall behind in your bills, you could ask for extensions and work closely with your utility service providers to pay your arrangers. Or you can go for a payday loan. A payday loans is designed for instant relief in emergency situationsRead MoreOnline Payday Loan Is Not All Of Us Are Good With Money1077 Words   |  5 PagesCall Online Payday Loan Today. Online Payday Loan Not all of us are good with money when it comes to decisions and savings, and in most cases saving it means only to store your money in a bank account until you can spend it on a later date. There is a way for you to get your online payday loan. But why would you force yourself to wait for something you want when there is another way. Having an option for online payday loan means you will have more free time and spend it making better decisionsRead MorePayday Loans: Playing Families Like an Instrument Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal loan at a local bank is all it takes to get back on track. For many though, this isn’t an option, and they only place they have to turn is payday lending, which may sound like a good idea up front, but in the long run can sink you deeper than you were before. What is a Payday Loan? At its simplest, a payday loan is simply a small, short-term loan meant to cover the borrower’s expenses until their next payday. They have many different names: paycheck advance, payday advance, and cash advancesRead MorePayday Lending Is A Convenient, Instant, And Short Term Option Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesinstances, payday lending can be a convenient, instant, and short-term option one may want to consider. The speed, ease, and convenience associated with payday lending enables an individual to get out of trouble quick, which has resulted in payday lending consistently growing in popularity over the last couple of decades. Since the early to mid 1990s, the payday lending industry has continuously grown in popularity as well as quantity. In fact, there are currently more than 20,000 payday lenders inRead MoreOnline Cash Advance Lenders Make A Mockery Of Bans By States813 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Cash Advance Lenders Make a Mockery of Bans by States Online Cash Advance Lenders Make a Mockery of Bans by States A recent Washingtontimes.com article explored online lending and state bans of cash advance companies operating within their jurisdictions. The article mentioned that many of these lenders get around bans by ignoring state caps on interest rates and other regulations. 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Judgment and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about theJudgment and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction The assignment is about the judgment and decision making process of any organization where board of directors, managers works as a group. The team management between them makes the company successful in business. The abstract of Reading 1.5 Jackall, R. (1988) chapter 4 'looking up and looking around' in Moral mazes, Oxford university press, NY, Reading 5.2 Hogarth, R.M. (1981) Beyond discrete biases: functional and dysfunctional aspects of judgmental heuristics, Psychological, 90(2), Reading 7.1 Mcintyre, R.M. and Salas, E. (1995), Measuring and managing for team performance: emerging principles from complex environments' in Guzzo, R.A. and Salas, E Ass (eds), Team Effectiveness and Decision Making in Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco and Reading 8.1 Linstone, H. (1984), Our proposed perspectives in Linstone, H., Multiple Perspectives for Decision Making, North Holland, NY are summarized briefly. Reading 1.5 Jackall, R. (1988) chapter 4 'looking up and looking around' in Moral mazes, Oxford university press, NY This is a book about investigating the world of corporate manages in the United States. The chapter 4 in the book (Looking up and looking around) the managers are come to hold the possible ways describes the social world. Decisions should be made when it is necessary. The discussion is about how the managers measure their comfortableness in rework on any solution of any problem. The comfort signifies many words like trust, possibility and prediction about how managers deal with any troubles (Tengblad, 2015). The authors explain the reasons of ineffective process of decision-making and capability of it. A decision can change the whole situation of any work. Sometimes its affect managers position. Sometimes such situations arise when there is a need to take decision on an unexpected environment or problem. Jackal also explain that a hard work sometimes no work, whereas a bitter talk, own promotion political intension does. In such problems, it is important to focus on the needs that help to develop its consequences. Managers of any company always work according their profit interest, self promoting, and for the benefits of the organization. Sometimes they make such difficult and technical situation where people cannot able to present their intention. Somehow, managers know how to handle any difficulties for making any decision. They put a brilliant and disturbing both difficulties for making any corporate decision. This is how any corporate or organizations runs their business in any count ry. This is the process how bureaucracy and mangers works in their corporate life (Williams, 2013). Reading 5.2 Hogarth, R.M. (1981) Beyond discrete biases: functional and dysfunctional aspects of judgmental heuristics, Psychological, 90(2) In the recent research, the consequences of judge mental heuristic are recognized as the condition in which a person can discover or learn something for himself or herself are valid or not has not been cleared. Sometime when a judgment (Vuori Vuori, 2015) is made without any interruption individuals usually follow an attractive method to deal with the environmental issues thus, most of the obligations are made under different actions preformed. This has taken away its importance and has questioned the non-acceptance of various points being different. Heuristics are those rules, which are usually used or applied for making judgments and decisions. They basically focus on one problem and ignore the other. Mostly these rules work very well except for some cases they can be distracted from the logic (Hogarth Soyer, 2015) or the main object of the theory. In any form of judgment, heuristics there are key parts or a process to be followed which makes the decision for future simpler. In our daily lives, we quite often have to take decisions and finalize them. For example, the decisions we take in our daily lives may concern decisions relating to our friends like what do we want to eat or where do we want to go for shopping. But the main object is how to decide and come to a conclusion. Thus, this can be done by making a research (Bauer, 2014 ) on the judgments concerning how an individual decides to go through the entire matter and what is more important for him and what is not. Reading 7.1 Mcintyre, R.M. and Salas, E. (1995), Measuring and managing for team performance: emerging principles from complex environments' in Guzzo, R.A. and Salas, E Ass (eds), Team Effectiveness and Decision Making in Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. In any organization, the most important and the most crucial role is played by its people. All the people together in a group are known as a team. They are the main components of the working structure and together they aim to fulfill the object (Maynard Gilson, 2014) of their organization. When groups of people are working together, they are called a team. The entire team gets together to work and achieve their goals. Different teams are formed in different organizations to get better results, as each team works with different goals and different set of standards (Williams, 2015). When different people are brought in one group, they bring with them various ideas, creations and innovations. It becomes better for them to work with different minds in one particular group, which makes it possible to achieve aim and objectives. There are five main elements of team effectiveness: The objective of the team and its integration The decision making aspect of the group The way the meetings are managed by the groups Implementing the decision making of the group as a whole Creating an healthy environment It is believed that the groups have to abide by these functions so that there can be harmony and effectiveness in carrying out their performances. It is believed that team work is an important element for operating in various organizations. The best example for such kind of effective team management will be the Military. In a Military organization, teamwork is very crucial for its successful operations (Romiszowski, 2016). The ability and the capability of team work of the military to work in a dynamic way plays an important role. The way of working of the military organizations is the best example of effective teamwork. They work together and make decisions, which are in the best interest for them. Reading 8.1 Linstone, H. (1984), Our proposed perspectives in Linstone, H., Multiple Perspectives for Decision Making, North Holland, NY. When making any decision, it takes careful consideration and long discussions in different areas, with respect to the pros and cons of the decision a final decision (Shay Lafata, 2015). Different viewpoints will have different ideas and knowledge is regarding different types of levels in the organization. Multiple perspective decision making is the way decisions are made for long term, which help in shaping the structure of the organization, while keeping in mind or making notes of the various diverse views. Mostly, these kinds of decisions would affect the decisions of the group rather than the aims and objectives of the group making the multiple decisions. Sometimes it can be challenge for a group having different or multiple view points to come to a conclusion. This kind of organization where there are multiple viewpoints they have to follow a particular method or a definite principle and various tools which would help them to settle to one decision, despite of various different perspectives. The best example for this kind of decision-making will be the Board of Directors, Board of Trustees, and the Board of Governors. They are the groups of high-level decision makers. Such kind of multiple perspective decision making should consider the period, which should be from months to years and not from days to weeks. In multiple perspective way of decision, making there is uncertainty due the competition and not because of the long periods. Thus, the decisions are mostly not close to them or not predicted easily. While making a multiple decision various points have to be taken in mind like the followings: Values that are important for the people the beliefs are those on the basis of what the world works on and The expectations involve the individuals view about the future for better results. These perspectives can be different from different viewpoints; all these viewpoints have to be taken into consideration before making the final decision. There are few factors (Betsch Haberstroh, 2014) that are uncertain; focus has to be made by the group on certain elements like good research in finalizing their decisions. There are various techniques, methods and principles that have to be kept in mind while making the decision. Conclusion In this research paper, we can conclude by saying that in the second principle which talks about 'looking up and looking around' in Moral mazes, Beyond discrete biases: functional and dysfunctional aspects of judgmental heuristics, there are set of questions that have to be answered which enables a person to either learn or discover things from themselves. In the third principle, Team Effectiveness and Decision Making in Organization, we may see how a group of people come together under the same organization to achieve the aims and objectives of the organization and effectively they come to a conclusion. The fourth principle, Multiple Perspectives for Decision Making, under this various ideas have to be kept in mind relating to the the competitors, the final decisions have to be entered. Reference Anteby, M., Anderson, C. (2014). Management and Morality: The Elusive Corporate Morals.Oxford Handbook of Management: ManagementPast, Present and Future. Anteby, M., Anderson, C. (2017). Management and MORALITY/ETHICSThe Elusive Corporate Morals.The Oxford Handbook of Management, 386. Bauer, B. (2015). A selective summary of visual averaging research and issues up to 2000.Journal of vision,15(4), 14-14. Betsch, T., Haberstroh, S. (Eds.). (2014).The routines of decision making. Psychology Press. Grant, P., McGhee, P. (2013). Organisational narcissism: a case of failed corporate governance?. InThe Heart of the Good Institution(pp. 97-109). Springer Netherlands. Hogarth, R. M., Soyer, E. (2015). Communicating forecasts: The simplicity of simulated experience.Journal of Business Research,68(8), 1800-1809. Kpers, W. M., Pauleen, D. J. (2013). Introducing a handbook of practical wisdom for our times.A handbook of practical wisdom: leadership, organization and integral business practice. Gower, Surrey, 1-18. Matt, B. F., Shahinpoor, N. (2015). Speaking Truth to Power.Moral Courage in Organizations: Doing the Right Thing at Work, 157. Maynard, M. T., Gilson, L. L. (2014). The role of shared mental model development in understanding virtual team effectiveness.Group Organization Management,39(1), 3-32. Romiszowski, A. J. (2016).Designing instructional systems: Decision making in course planning and curriculum design. Routledge. Shay, L. A., Lafata, J. E. (2015). Where is the evidence? A systematic review of shared decision making and patient outcomes.Medical Decision Making,35(1), 114-131. Tengblad, S., Vie, O. E. (2015). 9 Managerial work.Handbook of Research on Managing Managers, 161. Vuori, N., Vuori, T. (2014). Comment on Heuristics in the strategy context by Bingham and Eisenhardt (2011).Strategic Management Journal,35(11), 1689-1697. Williams, C. (2013).Principles of management. South-Western/Cengage Learning.

Women in Combat Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Women in Combat Argumentative Essay In the 1970s, the services traditional attitude toward women was challenged; change was forced upon a reluctant establishment (Holm, 198). The decision to end the draft was the catalyst to such change. This decision allowed for womens participation in the armed forces in unprecedented numbers. The United States Armed Forces have more female numbers than any other nation in the world, both in actual numbers and in percentages (Holm, 1982). The drive for an all-volunteer force, along with an aggressive tide of feminism and congressional passage of the equal rights Amendments led to a gradual shift in the role and status of women in the military (Holm, 1982). In todays military, women were no longer confined to traditional roles in the medical and administrative fields. Almost all military job categories and military occupational specialties (MOS) have been opened to women. They now repair tanks, warplanes, and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). They serve on naval vessels tha t deploy to service ships and submarines of the operational fleet and on Coast Guard cutters operating off United States shores. They serve on missile crews, operate heavy equipment, and direct air traffic. They also provide essential support to combat troops in the field (Holm, 1982). It appears that women have been integrated into practically every aspect of the military; yet there are some jobs that remain closed to them, namely-direct combat specialties (Holm, 1982; Goldman, 1982). It is over these residual exclusions that controversy rages. We will write a custom essay on Women in Combat Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Technically, women are barred by low or policy from what is defined in narrow terms as combat. Each of the United States Armed Services excludes females from active Combat. The nature and extent of the exclusion varies with each service. Yet, many argue that the distinction between combat and non-combat becomes blurred in the context of women warfare (Gilder, 1979; Holm, 1982, Goldman, 1982). In actually, many women are assigned to jabs that will expose them to enemy attack, and this has been openly acknowledged by the top Pentagon officials (Women in combat-closer than you think, 1980). The United States Army has also recognized that women would be deployed in combat zones as an inevitable consequence of their assignments. This was confirmed in the following statement made by then Army Chief of Staff, General Bernad W. Rogers: Some people believe that women soldiers will not be deployed in the event of hostilities: that they are only to be part-time soldiers here in peace, gone in w ar. Women are an essential part of the force; they will deploy with their units and they will serve in the skills in which they have been trained (Holm, 1982, p. 286). It appears that the combat exclusion policy does not realistically exclude women from combat, and it seems the militarys reliance on women is increasing. Schneider (1988) conducted interviews with women in traditionally male jobs, asking them what they felt their status would become if a war broke out. In general, they believed that they could not and would not be removed in combat situation (p. 162). The following was taken from two of these interviews. Ive already asked, said a first flight engineer on a C-5, what happens if Im sitting on alert in Europe somewhere and something really happens? Does that mean that they dont have a legal crew anymore because the engineer cant go? A Coast Guard female lieutenant had this to say: I was the trained CIC officer, responsible for the combat information center. Along with a team of radar men, CIC must plot all enemy and friendly forces and advise the bridge of such things as incoming missiles. Im the one thats used to working with these gu ys. That was the purpose of sending us through that simulated training, so that we could get used to working together as a team. What would they do? They couldnt just fly me off and stick somebody else in there (Schneider, 1988, p.162). .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .postImageUrl , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:hover , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:visited , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:active { border:0!important; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:active , .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447 .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b5f33646ee595142bd493b75acc9447:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus Rex Analysis EssayIt appears that the United States military is in a position where women are so fully and flexibly involved in the organizational structure, that in a war, it would be very difficult to separate them out. Yet, there are those who feel those women are not physically and mentally capable of withstanding the effects of combat. There are many grounds on which this argument could be disputed; some are as follows. Women have contributed greatly in past wars. They have served in combat in many skills during World War II, Korea, and Vietnam (Holm, 1982). One study (Binkin Bath, 1977) found that many NATO and several WARSAW PACT countries employed women in combat roles during World War II. Russia was reported as using military women on the front lines. In Israel, where they are actually conscripted, women have also experienced armed combat. Binkin and Bech (1977) found that in the first phase of Israels war of Liberation, one out of every five soldiers was female and they shared equality in both offensive and defensive battle situations (p. 134). Holm (1982) found that some 7,500 military women served in S.E. Asia during the Viet Nam War. She maintains that these women proved .the modern American military woman is fully capable of functioning effectively in a military role in a combat environment, even under direct hostile fire (p. 207). The United States Army has even conducted its own tests to examine the performance of individual units with women in the field, under simulated combat conditions (Goldman, 1982). The first test, labeled MAX-WAC studied women in three-day field exercise, and assessed their effect on unit performance. The second test, REF-WAC, studied women in thirty-day sustained combat related exercises during the NATO annual REFORGER exercises in Europe. The tests proved that women did not adversely impact unit performance. According to Goldman (1982), these tests provided a great deal of evidence that military women can perform on a par with their male peers; and in terms of their psychological that women are not inferior to men. In general, military women feel the argument that they are not fit for combat physically is irrelevant, as combat is no longer characterized by physical activity. The technological and industrial advances of the twentieth century have caused extensive changes in the nature of warfare (Goldman, Holm, 1982; Gilder, 1979). Due to this changing nature of warfare and military technology, .combat will no longer depend on bayonets and physical force rather on lasers, microprocessors and other sophisticated devices that gender obsolete the conventional images of battle (Gilder, 1979, p. 29). Clearly advanced technology requires a more highly educated workforce, and it has been maintained that military women do fit in such category. According to a back ground study on women in the military done by Commander Richard Hunter, one of the Pentagons leading experts on personnel matters, military women are better educated than military men and score higher on aptitude tests. He found that more than 90% of women recruits have high school diplomas, compared with only 60% of men, and women aptitude scores are approximately 20% higher than the men (Gilder, 1979). Women have clearly demonstrated their capabilities and their potential for future contributions to the military. Their most recent victory was achieved in the Persian Gulf War. There, women helicopter pilots participated in an air assault for first time. They were involved in airlifting the 101st Airborne into Iraq, in what has been called the largest helicopter action in military history (GI Jill deserves a shot at combat, 1991, p. 36). In general many feel that the experience of the Persian Gulf War has called for a new look at the ban on women in combat roles. Indeed, very recently the House Armed Services Committee took the first step toward abolishing the combat inclusion rule. They approved legislation authorizing the Pentagon to assign female pilots to fly fighter and bomber combat missions (GI Jill, 1991). Clearly, this will accelerate the trend already established toward eliminating womens combat exclusions. .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .postImageUrl , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:hover , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:visited , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:active { border:0!important; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:active , .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5 .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44127bced72cb3f88c61d7c7386a6bc5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bloomingdales international customer service EssayAs public opinion is a force in shaping policy, the attitudes of the American public must also be considered. A national survey of 560 Americans aged eighteen to twenty-four conducted by the Gallup organization asked the following question concerning women in combat: If women are drafted, should they be required to take combat roles as men are, should they be given combat roles only if they volunteer for them, or should they not be eligible for them? (Goldman, 1982, p.284). The responses were as follows:Male FemaleGiven Combat Roles As Men 12% 9%Only if Volunteer 61% 74%Not Eligible 26% 16%Clearly, the majority of the surve y population, men and women alike favored the inclusion of women in combat roles on a voluntary basis. A data analysis taken from a General Social Survey done in 1988 reveals similar liberal attitudes of general population regarding the role of women. When asked to respond to the statement, Women should take care of home, not country, it was shown that the majority, including both male and females respondents, disagreed with the statement. Overall, more women disagreed than men, but this could be explained by the fact that there were more women in survey population than men. Yet overall, there were also more women who agreed than there was men; strikingly the percentages show that men are more likely to disagree with the statement than women are. The same results were seen when the question Should women work was asked. Clearly, it has been demonstrated that women are a valuable resource to the military. Women are thoroughly integrated into the armed forces, and they are now so dependent on women that it would be virtually impossible to go into combat without them. In large part, women have already proved themselves. One needs only look at their role in past wars. Regardless of the combat exclusion rule, women have served in combat roles throughout out history and it is inevitable that they will need for future combat roles. War has become much more diverse in the skills it demands. Today, combat is as much a matter of technical expertise, as physical strength. This increase in skill requirements further signifies the militarys need for all dependence on women; they are currently serving in highly technical roles. Along with the changing role of women in the military, American attitudes a nature and roles of women in our society are also changing. Polls and statistics have shown that there is a clear tendency toward liberalization in terms of womens roles. Indeed, the majority of American believes women should be allowed into combat roles if they are willing. In general, the use of women in essentially combat environments has been considered successfully, and will certainly have implications for their future roles. It may take some time for liberal policies to be implemented but the preliminary groundwork has been laid. In light of the Persian Gulf War, the first significant steps have already been taken toward allowing military women to serve in combat roles. BibliographyBach, S., Binkin, M. (1977). Women and the military. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Department of the Army. (1982). Women in the Army policy review. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. GI Jill deserves a shot at combat. (1991, 10 May). Daily News, p. 36. Gilder, G. (1979, January 28). The case against women in combat. The New York Times Magazine, p. 29. Goldman, N. (1982). Female soldiers-combatants or noncombatants?Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Holm, J. (1982). Women in the military. Novato, California: Presidio Press. Schneider, Carl Dorothy. (1988). Sound off. New York: Dutton. Women in combat: Closer than you think. (1980, 3 March). U.S. News and World Report, p. 31.

Analytical Essay Sample on Harry Potter

Analytical Essay Sample on Harry Potter Many children around the world can proudly say that the popular Harry Potter series are the best books that they have ever read. However, because of the recent controversy from some parents and several Christians, children might not have the chance to read or watch Harry Potter. They believe that it teaches witchcraft, which is extremely absurd. Harry Potter does not teach witchcraft, it actually gives children characters to relate to and learn from, it expands their imagination, and it helps them to read more. J.K. Rowlings characters are realistic and many children can understand and learn from them. The main character, Harry Potter, illustrates to the reader how anyone can be a hero without the significance of his or her appearance. Although Harry is physically small and scrawny, he is able to defeat the all-powerful enemy, Voldemort. He is capable of doing this because he believes in himself and has bravery. Harry shows bravery not just in his dangerous adventures, but when he stands up to bullies, which is a major problem to most kids during that age. Children can learn a great deal from Harry because he is an extraordinary hero that is identical to their age. In addition, numerous kids today know the experience of growing up without parents. Orphans know of the jealousy that Harry feels towards Ron and his enormous family. Harry is also an orphan and many foster children can have a character that they can relate and comprehend. His best friend Ron is also another character that many c an associate to. Ron comes from a family with financial problems and he is always left with hand-me-downs from his older brothers, which causes him to be a laughing stock at school. Several children in this world are familiar with this experience and through Ron, they can see that they are not alone. Ron also helps children with economic difficulties to learn that family is much more important than material needs. Hermoine completes the circle of the three best friends. Her special trait is her knowledge and her willingness to learn. Her character is one that everyone knows as the nerd. HermioneÐ ±Ã ¿s role proves how important knowledge can be and especially useful in hard times. She also shows that there is nothing bizarre about wanting to learn. Her motivation and the way she uses her knowledge is so powerful that she can inspire others to go out to educate themselves. These characters resemble the people that one sees in everyday life. They offer children familiar experiences and many beneficial morals. During the early years of ones life is when one has the broadest imagination. Harry Potter helps expand that imagination even greater. Even though Harry Potter has witches and warlocks doing witchcraft, it is all just fantasy and is like any other fantasy movie or book, except better. Things like a three-headed dog, a flying broomstick, and an invisibility cloak allows the reader to leave the reality world and go into a different world of their own. During the peak time of the Harry Potter booksÐ ±Ã ¿ popularity, a mother decided to read the series to her six-year old daughter who was going through cancer. The child, named Catie Hoch, fell in love with the books and became a huge fan. This is probably because of the storyÐ ±Ã ¿s magic and how it lets oneÐ ±Ã ¿s mind go off into fantasy. There is no doubt that the books gave happiness to this little girl during the hardest point of her short-lived life. J.K. Rowling actually got in contact with Catie and even got to read to her from her fourth book, which at that time was not yet released to the public. Sadly, however, she died before Rowling could finish reading the book to her. It is stories like these that the anti-supporters of the Harry Potter books should know about. Lastly, in a period where technology rules the earth, it is difficult for children to get their eyes off the TV. Reading Harry Potter was more fun than watching TV or playing video games (Kwon). If a child would prefer to read a book then watch TV, then the book must be very well written and extremely interesting, Harry Potter is just that. Although there are now Harry Potter movies, many can say that they have read the book and the book was even better than the movie(Kwon). By having children read rather than watching TV, it can help them to be better readers and writers which will help them in the future, while watching TV will just make them obese and lethargic. On the other hand, many believe that the Harry Potter books do nothing but show people how to do witchcraft. One pastor claimed, The books are going to destroy the lives of young people (Locals’). The churchÐ ±Ã ¿s Herculean opposition is nonsense. In December 2001, the Harry Potter series were among the books burned in a churchs holy bonfire. Many Christians explain: God says in Deuteronomy that witchcraft is an abomination† (Gibbs’). Although they are right about Gods saying on witchcraft, Harry Potter was not written to teach people to be witches and warlocks. Its main point is to entertain people. The author of the books said almost sarcastically: I have met thousands of children and not even one time has a child come up to me and said: Ms Rowling, Im so glad IÐ ±Ã ¿ve read these books because now I want to be a witch (Potter). One can tell that she is not serious about this topic, so why should we even be arguing over this ludicrous issue? Why can we not let children read books that they love and enjoy? Although some churches and priests are strongly against Harry Potter and tell people not to read it, it can actually be a good sermon topic. A conservative Vanguard Church in Colorado with 1,100 members actually used Harry Potter to teach Sunday school for the children. The teachers were dressed as wizards, and the church was entirely decorated, with darkened rooms and glow-in-the-dark props (Gibbs). They had the children put on the Sorting Hat that decides the fate of the young wizards in the book. The children were all put in the Slytherin House, the house of evil Voldemort; the way out, they were taught, could only come from following what God teaches (Gibbs). If other churches were more lenient and understanding, they would see, how using Harry Potter can be a beneficial way to learn. In conclusion, Harry Potter books do not teach people witchcraft and they do not encourage them to become witches or warlocks. The books actually give characters for children to learn and relate to, expand their imagination, and allow them to read more. If one could just try to be more considerate, they can enjoy and actually learn a few things from the books.